Social Culture and Language

Time Period 800-1600

The settlers of Iceland brought with them the social structures and religion of their home countries. They had no king. Government was by chieftains, and around 930 the Alþingi or parliament was established. There was no executive branch of government to enforce the decisions made; instead those who had to pursue some issue or enforce a verdict, raised support from chieftains to do so. Individuals’ potential for doing so depended largely on the strength of the chieftains who supported them. Lesa meira
 

Time Period 1600-2000

The rituals of the church also changed with the advent of Lutheranism. Mass was no longer celebrated in Latin, and the sermon, given in Icelandic, became central. The congregation also participated more actively in the mass by singing hymns in their own language. The trappings of churches were simplified in keeping with the new religion; holy images were removed from churches, and invocation of saints was prohibited. Lesa meira
 


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